Biological Sciences

New Compact Genome Editors Found in Viruses

December 2, 2022

In nature, CRISPR is an immune defense that bacteria and other microbes use to protect themselves against viruses by recognizing and cutting the genomes of invading viruses. In 2020, researchers at the Innovative Genomics Institute found a CRISPR-Cas system in what would seem to be an unlikely place: inside a virus.

For female astronomers, pandemic widened publishing’s gender gap

November 29, 2022

Before the COVID-19 pandemic abruptly shut down labs and sent scientists home to work, female astronomers on average published about nine papers for every 10 published by men — a rate that has remained stagnant for decades.

The pandemic appears to have worsened that gender imbalance.

In a paper appearing today in the journal Nature Astronomy, two cosmologists — Vanessa Böhm of the University of California, Berkeley, and Jia Liu of the Kavli Institute...

Filipa Rijo-Ferreira

November 29, 2022

“Okay, this is it,” Filipa Rijo-Ferreira thought after hearing some neuroscience presentations. She’d spent a year as a technician in a lab studying sleeping sickness but had never understood why no one studied the way in which the sickness affected the brain. But for this particular disease, it seemed important to study neuroscience and parasitology together. “I’m just going to make my own project.”

Through a unique Ph.D. program in her native Portugal, she was able to combine both fields of research, working with co-advisors on two continents to study the circadian rhythms of...

Student, Scientist, Entrepreneur Isha Ukani is exploring the next generation of plant-based foods

November 29, 2022

Isha Ukani grew up in Simi Valley, California, a first-generation American in a family originally from Gujarat, India. Descended from a long line of farmers, her father taught her about the plant world as he worked in the family garden. By the time she got to high school, Ukani was passionate about science, particularly botany, which led to an interest in molecular biology and biotechnology. Now, that early exposure to nature is already shaping her career.

The fourth-year MCB biochemistry major is currently taking an academic pause of one or two semesters to found a new plant-...

Phixing Physiology: Course revamp trains students to think like scientists

November 29, 2022

Think of a large-enrollment class and you might picture a cavernous lecture hall, full of students silently taking notes as the distant instructor imparts wisdom from the front of the room. Learners are expected to absorb knowledge passively; problem-solving and critical thinking are reserved for independent study, or for a few high-stakes exams. It’s not the most thrilling learning environment, nor – as extensive research has shown – is it a particularly effective way for students to learn.

But a team of MCB faculty and grad students envisions a different way of teaching, where...

Deepening Science, Opening Doors

November 28, 2022

For postdoc Aaron Joiner, academia holds two attractions. One is the chance to explore and discover fundamental biology. The other is the ability to broaden opportunities for future generations of scientists, including those who may not have grown up seeing themselves as researchers.

Joiner, who joined James Hurley’s lab in February 2021, came to the Department of Molecular & Cell Biology as a Miller Research Institute Fellow and was recently selected as one of 25 exceptional early-career scientists to be named a 2022 Hanna Gray Fellow by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute (...

Age vs. genetics: Which is more important for how you age?

October 7, 2022

Amid much speculation and research about how our genetics affect the way we age, a University of California, Berkeley, study now shows that individual differences in our DNA matter less as we get older and become prone to diseases of aging, such as diabetes and cancer.

In a study of the relative effects of genetics, aging and the environment on how some 20,000 human genes are expressed, the researchers found that aging and environment are far more important than genetic variation in affecting the expression profiles of many of our genes as we get older. The level at which genes are...

Like the Borg of Star Trek, these ‘aliens’ assimilate DNA from other microbes

October 20, 2022

Only a meter or two below our feet dwells a wealth of microbes whose riches remain largely unexplored. It’s a realm where bacteria, bacteria-like organisms called archaea and fungi mingle with viruses and other non-living bits of DNA or DNA — all living with, in or on one another.

In that alien world, researchers have now found large DNA molecules that aren’t quite viruses, which are DNA or RNA wrapped in proteins, but that seem to have infected archaea and acquired along the way a slew of genes from their archaeal hosts.

The researchers dubbed these microbes Borgs because,...

Endangered Devils Hole pupfish is one of the most inbred animals known

November 4, 2022

As its name implies, the Devil’s Hole pupfish lives in a truly hellish environment.

Confined to a single deep limestone cave in Nevada’s Mojave Desert, 263 of them live in water that hovers around 93 degrees Fahrenheit year-round, with food resources so scarce that they are always on the edge of starvation, and with oxygen levels so low that most other fish would die immediately. The pupfish, Cyprinodon diabolis, live in the smallest habitat of any known vertebrate.

New research now documents the extreme effect that these harsh and isolated conditions have had on...

Chemistry Nobelist Carolyn Bertozzi’s years at UC Berkeley

October 5, 2022

Carolyn Bertozzi, a professor at Stanford University who today shared the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, spent her formative and most creative years at UC Berkeley.

After graduating from Harvard University in 1988, she earned her Ph.D. in chemistry from Berkeley in 1993 and, following postdoctoral and faculty positions elsewhere, returned to join the chemistry faculty and Berkeley Lab in 1996.

Says Mike Botchan, Dean of Biological Sciences: "Today's announcement of Carolyn Bertozzi's Nobel prize in Chemistry was in brilliant recognition of a truly creative scientist for work...